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Frequently Asked Questions
An instrument transformer is used in high-voltage or high-current electrical circuits to step down these values to safe levels that can be read by measuring instruments. There are two main types: current transformers (CT) and voltage/potential transformers (VT/PT). They are commonly used in energy monitoring, metering, and protection systems.
A current transformer reduces high current to a lower ratio for measurement instruments (e.g., 1000/5 A). A voltage transformer converts high voltage into lower voltage levels (e.g., 20,000 V → 100 V). CTs are connected in series, while VTs are connected in parallel.
An incorrectly selected instrument transformer ratio can lead to measurement errors, malfunction of protection relays, or metering deviations. The primary/secondary ratio of the transformer must correspond to the actual current or voltage level in the system.
Instrument transformers are generally manufactured in compliance with the following standards:
IEC 61869-1 and 2 (general requirements and current transformers)
IEC 61869-3 (voltage transformers)
Correct operation is verified through proper ratio, correct polarity/connection (P1→P2 / S1→S2), adequate insulation, and relay/meter compatibility tests. Additionally, periodic comparisons between primary and secondary current/voltage measurements can be performed.